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This project simulates an interesting parking assistance system, it uses an analog ultrasonic sensor US-016 to detect the distance, and 3 LEDs as well as buzzer to indicate the urgency. It includes a few tasks, bringing the students basic understanding of the ultrasonic sensor, the analog input in Arduino, and finally a working system. Goals:
Analog ultrasonic sensor US-016, what and how
Understand analog signal, and how to get analog input in Arduino
Buzzer and LED as digital output
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PJ025_ultrasonic_parking_assistance_system.mp4Efforts Estimation
Efforts Estimation
[ ] Simple: 30-60 minutes
[x] Moderate: 1-2 hours
[ ] Challenging: more than 2 hours
The estimation bases on average situation without unexpected troubleshooting, assuming that the student meets prerequisites. It only indicates rough time needed to complete this project, but not about technical difficulty, not covering discussion and sharing time. Possible breakdown:
Task 1: 20 minutes
Task 2: 15 minutes
Task 3: 30-45 minutes
Prerequisite
Prerequisite
One should have prior knowledge
Tools & Materials
Tools & Materials
1x Arduino UNO board (R3 revision or WiFi Rev2) , with USB cable
3x LEDs and current limit resistors
Breadboard, and a few jumping wires
Task 1: Wire Ultrasonic Sensor US-016, Buzzer and LEDs
Task 1: Wire Ultrasonic Sensor US-016, Buzzer and LEDs
Purpose: Get to know what is ultrasonic sensor US-016, and how to setup hardware connection
Task 2: Get Analog Input and Inspect Values in Serial
Task 2: Get Analog Input and Inspect Values in Serial
Purpose: Understand how to read analog input, and inspect the converted numeric values by serial printing
Tips:
Tips:
analogRead(pin) to read in analog signal
Questions:
Questions:
What are the min and max value in your test?
Have we missed pinMode(A0, INPUT)?
int sonic_input;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop() {
// Read analog input from pin A0
// resulted as integer ranged 0-1023
sonic_input = analogRead(A0);
Serial.println(sonic_input);
delay(300);
}
Task 3: Use Analog Input to Trigger Different Distance Warning
Task 3: Use Analog Input to Trigger Different Distance Warning
Purpose: Use analog input value, practice compound if-else logic
Tips:
Tips:
if-else
digitalWrite(pin, value) to control LEDs as ON/OFF
tone(pin, frequency) to trigger buzzer playing a sound
noTone(pin) to stop the buzzer sound
Challenges:
Challenges:
Fix the incomplete /*FIX ME*/ or /*FIX MISSING CODES HERE*/ to make it working
This example solution is clear with the logic, but not very neat, can you figure out another solution still using if-else?
#define BUZZER 7
#define LED_GREEN 8
#define LED_YELLOW 9
#define LED_RED 10
int sonic_input;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_GREEN, /*FIX ME*/);
pinMode(LED_YELLOW, /*FIX ME*/);
pinMode(LED_RED, /*FIX ME*/);
}
void loop() {
// Read analog input from pin A0
// Resulted as integer ranged 0-1023
sonic_input = analogRead(/*FIX ME*/);
Serial.println(sonic_input);
if (sonic_input < 300) {
// High Warning Level:
// LEDs: GREEN ON, YELLOW ON, RED Fast-blinking
// Sound: Fast-beeping, same pace as RED LED blinking
/*FIX MISSING CODES HERE*/
}
else if (sonic_input >= 300 && sonic_input < 600) {
// Mid Warning Level
// LEDs: GREEN ON, YELLOW Mild-blinking, RED OFF
// Sound: Mild-beeping, same pace as YELLOW LED blinking
/*FIX MISSING CODES HERE*/
}
else if (sonic_input >= 600 && sonic_input < 900) {
// Low warning level
// LEDs: GREEN Slow-blinking, YELLOW OFF, RED OFF
// Sound: Slow-beeping, same pace as GREEN LED blinking
/*FIX MISSING CODES HERE*/
}
else if (sonic_input >= 900) {
// No Warning, safe distance so far
// LEDs: ALl LEDs OFF
// Sound: No sound
/*FIX MISSING CODES HERE*/
}
delay(100);
}
Knowledge test, reflection and discussion
Knowledge test, reflection and discussion
Purpose: Enhance basic knowledge understanding, reflect and summarize what we have learnt
Knowledge Check
Knowledge Check
How does ultrasonic sensor work to detect distance?
How do we get analog input? What are the values we get there in the program?
Tips: Review knowledge from here if needed
Review and discuss
Review and discuss
Follow the tutor to take 5-10 minutes to review the questions and answers, correct some possible misunderstood issues or faults
Reflect for findings and questions!
Reflect for findings and questions!
Take 1-2 minutes to explore anything on the tools and the making flow, with curiosity, no matter how much prior knowledge you have, you should make
At least 1 interesting finding
At least 1 curious question
Referred/Used By
Referred/Used By
Used by LP2519: Analog Input, 25w19
pinMode(LED_GREEN, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_YELLOW, OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED_RED, OUTPUT);
sonic_input = analogRead(A0);
if (sonic_input < 300) {
// High Warning Level:
// LEDs: GREEN ON, YELLOW ON, RED Fast-blinking
// Sound: Fast-beeping, same pace as RED LED blinking
digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, HIGH);
tone(BUZZER, 1000);
delay(30);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
noTone(BUZZER);
delay(30);
}
else if (sonic_input >= 300 && sonic_input < 600) {
// Mid Warning Level
// LEDs: GREEN ON, YELLOW Mild-blinking, RED OFF
// Sound: Mild-beeping, same pace as YELLOW LED blinking
digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, HIGH);
tone(BUZZER, 600);
delay(60);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, LOW);
noTone(BUZZER);
delay(60);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
}
else if (sonic_input >= 600 && sonic_input < 900) {
// Low warning level
// LEDs: GREEN Slow-blinking, YELLOW OFF, RED OFF
// Sound: Slow-beeping, same pace as GREEN LED blinking
digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, HIGH);
tone(BUZZER, 300);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, LOW);
noTone(BUZZER);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
}
else if (sonic_input >= 900) {
// No Warning, safe distance so far
// LEDs: ALl LEDs OFF
// Sound: No sound
digitalWrite(LED_GREEN, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_YELLOW, LOW);
digitalWrite(LED_RED, LOW);
}
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