KEY TAKE AWAY POINTS:
A percentage: 占空比, how much Duty is ON within a Cycle (How much activeness during a given period)
Duty = on duty, on work, being active
Cycle = a given fixed period that repeats
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A servo turns a shaft by an amount of angle or speed that it reads from a pulse signal. A digital pulse signal can have only two values, high and low.
How do you do you tell the servo how much to turn the shaft if there are only two values to use?
https://www.geogebra.org/m/jf5wcvhg - a good aninmation, but not in English
https://www.geogebra.org/m/nktjppfg - another good animation
https://www.geogebra.org/m/jzanejfg
sometimes called "duty factor," is expressed as a percentage of ON time